Markus
Reinhardt had had "an alcohol problem" for quite some
years, his superiors knew about it. His direct boss, the director of
the Department of Justice, Barbara Janom Steiner, stated during a
press conference: "His alcohol problems never affected his
work".
Now
the media became active in their typical fashion.
The
Tages-Anzeiger
in Zurich interviewed Roberto Zalunardo, the Secretary General ad
interim of the Association of Swiss Police Chiefs, who said that
these chiefs are under a lot of pressure, that it is very lonely at
the top and that they need of course to be able to deal with all
that. The reader was left with the impression that the ones who were
not able to deal with this kind of pressure might turn to alcohol.
Then,
the Aargauer-Zeitung
interviewed the former chief of police of the Canton Aargau, Léon
Borer, who said that Reinhardt's "alcohol problem" had been
known for several years and that "the man could have been
saved". How this could have been accomplished, he did not
elaborate on.
And
then, on 19 February 2010, the Tages-Anzeiger
ran a story that challenged the view of Reinhardt's boss, Janom
Steiner, that his alcoholism had not affected his job performance by
citing several incidences - he had shown up intoxicated at work, had
driven his car under the influence of alcohol, he was involved in a
car accident and had seen to it that there were no offical records
etc. etc.
But
let me stop here. For we all know this kind of story, don't we? The
government officials give you their lines, some brave journalists
make efforts to unmask what they perceive to be a cover-up, and
sometimes the truth does prevail ...
Well,
this is the usual government/media-theater and the problem with it is
that we are supposed to take it seriously. Let me elaborate: The
government of Graubünden said, among other things, that "it
thought it important to distinguish between work performance and
private life". No one in the press questioned this work/private
life distinction. If however Mr. Reinhardt really was an alcoholic
(and it surely looks that way) then such a distinction is ludicrous
because an alcoholic too often cannot control his impulses (and not
only when it comes to alcohol) - and that does not depend on whether
he or she is at work or not.
So
what did the media do? (by the way, no, I did not check whether all
the media performed in exactly the same way). They tried to challenge
the claim that Mr. Reinhardt's job performance was impeccable ... and
in so doing fell for the trap that the government had laid out for
them: the totally absurd distinction between work life and private
life, that is.
+++
An
alcoholic is an alcoholic is an alcoholic. And that means that too
often he cannot control his impulses (and that is not limited to
drinking) – whether he is at work or at home. In addition, and this
makes him especially unpredictable, he's the typical Dr Jekyll and Mr
Hyde kind: most of the time he's totally in control of himself until,
all of a sudden, he completely loses it.
An
alcoholic is dis-eased, in all aspects of his life. Everybody knows
that. So why then do governments and media offer us such an absurd
spectacle and act as if a dictinction can be made between private
and professional life? Because they do what we all do: they
rationalise their behaviour, justify their acts and their non-acts;
they pretend to have under control what can't be controlled. Because
to live with the truth seems unbearable. And when it comes to
addicition, the truth is this: we do not know what triggers it, we do
not know how to stop it, we are mostly powerless against it. .
If
an alcoholic remains sober after treatment, therapists believe that
the treatment has been successful; if an alcoholic however relapses,
he is considered unfit for therapy. Fact is that nobody can really
say why some (estimates range from seven to seventeen percent) can
stop their drinking and others can't.
Established
therapies assume that understanding the causes of our acts might lead
to behaviour change. If I know why I drink I can influence my
drinking. This is wishful thinking for every cause that I will find
(that I like, that pleases me) can be a cause for drinking as well as
for non-drinking. Which is why in AA they say that there are exactly
seven reasons why somebody drinks: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
„There
is no
general agreement about the nature, cause, or treatment of
alcoholism“, Arnold
M. Ludwig (The Alcoholic's Mind) states and the adds: „What is an
alcoholic?Where does one draw the line between problem drinking and
alcoholism, between alcohol dependence and addiction? Is alcoholism a
disorder or a collection of disorders? Ist it a moral failing, a bad
habit, or a disease? Do alcoholics have distincts personality
features? Is alcoholism hereditary or learned? Does excessive
drinking represent a symptomatic expression of an underlying conflict
or is it the primary problem itself? Which treatment approach, if
any, is most effective? Who is best qualified to help? The question
can go on and on. There are no scientific answers.“
It
cannot be proven whether therapy works - by a cause-and-effect
methodology, that is. That however does not mean that therapy does
not work. The fact that miracles can't be proven does not mean that
miracles do not exist, it only means that the accepted means of proof
are useless. Besides, therapy helps the therapists to have work and
earn money. By the way, good therapists know that when their patients
are getting better they are sometimes witnessing a miracle of which
the Senegalese Wolof say, „nit
nit ay garabam“, man is man's medicine.
**
That
the boundaries between propaganda and journalism are blurred is well
known. Also, that lots of journalists are seldom more than
propagandists. The problem is that they do not know it, that they are
not aware of it.
When
Brian Eno first visited Russia, in 1986, he made friends with Sacha,
a musician whose father had been Brezhnev's personal doctor: "One
day we were talking about life during "the period of stagnation"
— the Brezhnev era. "It must have been strange being so
completely immersed in propaganda," I said. "Ah, but there
is the difference. We knew it was propaganda," replied Sacha.
"That is the difference. Russian propaganda was so obvious that
most Russians were able to ignore it. They took it for granted that
the government operated in its own interests and any message coming
from it was probably slanted — and they discounted it."
„We
decide something, put it out there and wait a while in order to see
what will happen. If there won't be a big outcry and no resistance,
because most do not understand what has been decided, then we
continue – step by step, until there's no more going back“,
Jean-Claude Juncker, an influential European politician from
Luxemburg is quoted in Eva Herman's „Die Wahrheit und ihr Preis“
(The Price of Truth). This is not only how facts ( „fact“ stems
from the Latin „facere“ = to make) are created, this is also how
the agendas are set that invariably get picked up and propagated by
the media.
Let's
get practical: Everybody
believes that for alcoholics treatment ist better than punishment,
This is due to the combined propaganda of psychologists and
journalists. In the case of psychologists the reason is obvious –
they have to make a living; in the case of journalists it can be
explained with their pack-mentality. Moreover, as the linguist
Geoffrey K. Pullum stated: „Once
the public has decided to accept something as an interesting fact, it
becomes almost impossible to get the acceptance rescinded. The
persistent interestingness and symbolic usefulness overrides any lack
of factuality.“
This
does not mean that punishment is preferable to treatment; this means
that whoever believes that treatment might be the solution has very
probably a too grand idea of what treatment can do for it is a field
full of paradoxes and contradictions. No wonder if you consider the
following (from Arnold M. Ludwig's The Alcoholic Mind):
*
"Hitting bottom" is presumed to be a necessary step for
recovery. even though being in dire straits, for all other illnesses,
usually indicates a poor rather than favourable diagnosis.
*
In many hospital treatment settings, alcoholics are immediately
discharged from the program if they are presumed to be uncooperative,
unmotivated, setting poor examples for others, or if they are found
to be intoxicated or drinking on the premises. In other words, they
are not regarded as suitable for treatment if they show evidence of
their sickness; namely, an inability to control their drinking. The
catch-22 is that they must remain sober in order to receive help.
*
Alcoholics are regarded as "sick" - at least for purposes
of hospitalization or treatment - but society tends to hold them
responsible for their transgressions or crimes.
*
Because alcoholism is regarded as a "disease", certain
therapeutic agencies do not hold alcoholics responsible for the harm
caused by past drinking, but they do regard them as responsible for
their present and future behaviors, an important and interesting
distinction.
scientific
merit for the treatment of serious illnesses, endorse participation
in Alcoholics Anonymous, which has a strong spiritual emphasis, as an
importnat component of therapy.
*
Alcoholism is a "disease" in which characteristic symptoms,
such as urges and cravings to drink, can appear mysteriously at
certain times, for example, during evenings and weekends, and be
absent at others, as at work or at church. With the exception of
other addictions, what medical diseases are so dependent on the
mental expectations of the sufferers and the physical settings in
which they exist?
Given
this, it is difficult to imagine a more ignorant reaction than the
one of the government of Graubünden. It apparently thought it
sufficient that the head of police had agreed to measures set out by
a medical doctor in order to „make Reinhardt master of his
problem“. The media, in their usual fashion, saw to it that this
ignorance was properly disseminated.
PS:
In March 2000, Markus Reinhardt had ordered a finishing shot aimed at
a young man who had been shooting at random on people on the streets
of Chur, the capital of Graubünden. As a consequence, Reinhardt was
indicted for willful homicide – he was later acquitted. The
Süddeutsche
Zeitung commented
on 27 January 2010: „This finishing shot has never left him, said
his longtime companion, national congressman Pius Segmüller to the
tabloid Blick:
„Since then he had certain problems. In the end it was all too much
for him."